30-year bond futures are part of the financial commodities futures sector in which the contract holder agrees to purchase or sell a bond on a specified date at a predetermined price. Bond contracts are standardized and are overseen by a regulatory agency that ensures a level of equality and consistency. The 30-year bond has long been a favorite of fixed income market participants seeking to match assets to future liabilities. It serves as an important benchmark by which other long-dated securities are measured.

Futures on the 30-year U.S. Treasury bond originated at the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). The CME Group took over those contracts when the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) acquired the CBOT in 2007. 30-year bond futures at the CBOT where introduced in August of 1977. The Treasury suspended issuing 30-year bonds for several years, starting in October 2001, after four years of rising budget surpluses. The government’s fiscal condition worsened after the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks, but forecasters expected any dip into deficit would be short-lived. However, the popularity of long-term investments returned, and the 30-year Bond Futures contract or “long bond” returned in 2006.

30-year bonds, issued by the United States Department of the Treasury, used to be the bellwether U.S. bond. Now, most consider the 10-year Treasury to be the benchmark. The 30-year Treasury will generally pay a higher interest rate than shorter Treasuries to compensate for the additional risks inherent in the longer maturity. When compared to other bonds, Treasuries are considered safe-haven investments because they are backed by the U.S. government.

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